《跨太协定》商议国议员吁国家领袖在美国认证条件上要保护国家主权

2015年5月15日

参与谈判《跨太协定》的 5 个国家的资深议员，签署了一份给他们国家政治领袖的公开信，呼吁保护国家主权，以免遭美国的认证程序所侵蚀。

签名者来自澳洲、加拿大、日本、马来西亚和纽西兰 5 国。他们包括知名的前国会议员、各政党当前领袖、商贸发言人和参与《跨太协定》的各委员会的委员。

他们在公开信中表示，“非常担心”美国政府在协定生效之前，会要求其前自由贸易协定的伙伴国修改法律、条例和程序，以符合美国对这些国家应尽义务的定义。

“如这也实行于《跨太协定》，则将侵犯我们政府决定义务的定义与范畴的主权，而有关定义和范畴是他们在谈判《跨太协定》时已同意和接纳了的；这等于否决宪法赋予立法会和立法议员的权力和责任，变成外国政府干预我们国家的主权。”

预料有关 12 个国家的贸易部长将于 5 月 26 日至 28 日在关岛开会。他们表示希望能在那里结束有关谈判。

这些议员促请他们的政府要确保，任何《跨太协定》的最终决定，都必须能保护国家的立法主权不受外来影响，而且要强烈表明，政府是否已按必需步骤遵守有关协定，只有宪法赋予权力的立法议会有权作出决定。对遵守协定的任何质疑，都应在协定生效后，才按所定的争端解决方法来寻求答案。

这个网站， www.tppnocertification.org ，对美国今年如何利用认证程序作了说明，其中包括了秘鲁和澳洲自贸协定的案例研究。

有关公开信与签名

2015 年 5 月 12 日

给《跨太协定》谈判国的政治领袖的公开信

作为负责为我们国家立法的现任与前立法议员，对美国政府可能会利用所谓《跨太协定》的“认证”程序，我们感到非常担心。

美国政府在对之前的自贸协定作为执行法案讨论时，列入了暂缓实行条件，一直到对方政府，按美国政府的看法来履行协定订的义务，即通过修改法律、条例和程序，直到美国满足为止。否则美国不与该国互换文件，协定不能生效。

美国以前签的自贸协定，曾发生过美国要其他国家作更多让步。美国的官员为其他国家起草于不同时间在不同国家生效的法律与协定；对一些国家则长时间拖延实行贸易协定。

如这也实行于《跨太协定》，则将侵犯我们政府决定义务的定义与范畴的主权，而有关定义和范畴是他们在谈判《跨太协定》时已同意和接纳了的；这等于否决宪法赋予立法会和立法议员的权力和责任，变成外国政府干预我们国家的主权。

我们因此向我们的政府呼吁：

i 保证任何《跨太协定》的最终决定都包含一条能保护我们立法主权不受外国影响的条文，而且要强烈表明，在协定生效之前，只有我们的宪法赋予的权力，才可决定我们的政府是否采取了所有必要措施去遵守有关协定；与

ii 在《跨太协定》生效之前，要抵制协定另一方任何影响草拟我国法律的企图，因为协定最终会有足够的解决争端条款和设立适当的调解庭；因此，如另一方认为我们国家的法律、条例或程序违反了《跨太协定》定下的义务，完全可按这些条款解决。

签名者：

Australia

Kelvin Thomson MP, Deputy Chair of the Joint Standing Committee on Treaties, Australian Labor Party

Senator Peter Whish-Wilson, Spokesperson on Trade, Australian Greens

Canada

Don Davies MP, Critic for International Trade, New Democratic Party

Elizabeth May MP, Leader, Green Party of Canada

Japan

Yukio Hatoyama, former Prime Minister of Japan and former Member of the House of Representatives

Masahiko Yamada, former Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and former Member of the House of Representatives

Megumu Tsuji, former Member of the House of Representatives

Susumu Saito, former Member of the House of Representatives

Tomohiko Mizuno, former Member of the House of Representatives

Hiroshi Kawauchi, former Member of the House of Representatives

Kazuo Takamatsu, former Member of the House of Representatives

Tsutomu Takamura, former Member of the House of Representatives

Seiichiro Dokyu, former Member of the House of Representatives

Mizuho Fukushima, Member of the House of Councillors, former Minister of State for Special Missions, Social Democratic Party

Takashi Shinohara, Member of the House of Representatives, former Vice-Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Chairperson of Diet Member's Caucus to Cautiously Consider the TPP, Democratic Party of Japan

Katsumasa Suzuki, Member of the House of Representatives, former Secretary General of ‘People's Life First', Democratic Party of Japan

Takeshi Maeda, Member of the House of Councillors, former Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Democratic Party of Japan

Kumiko Aihara, Member of the House of Councillors, Democratic Party of Japan Akio Fukuta, Member of the House of Representatives, Democratic Party of Japan

Takako Suzuki, Member of the House of Representatives, Democratic Party of Japan

Kaoru Tashiro, Member of the House of Councillors, Democratic Party of Japan

Toshio Ogawa, Member of the House of Councillors, former Minister of Justice, Democratic Party of Japan

Teruhiko Mashiko, Member of the House of Councillors, former Vice-Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, Democratic Party of Japan

Eri Tokunaga, Member of the House of Councillors, Democratic Party of Japan

Shizuka Kamei, Member of the House of Representatives, former Minister of Transport, former Minister of Construction, former Minister of State for Special Missions, Independent

Taro Yamamoto, Member of the House of Councillors, The People's Life Party and Taro Yamamoto and Friends

Tomoko Kami, Member of the House of Councillors, Japan Communist Party

Yoshiko Kira, Member of the House of Councillors, Japan Communist Party

Malaysia

Yang Berhormat Tuan Wong Chen, Parti Keadilan Rakyat, Member of the Malaysian Bipartisan Parliamentary Caucus on TPPA

Yang Berhormat Dr Michael Jeyakumar Devaraj, Parti Sosialis Malaysia , Member of the Malaysian Bipartisan Parliamentary Caucus on TPPA

Yang Berhormat Puan Nurul Izzah binti Anwar, Parti Keadilan Rakyat, Member of the Malaysian Bipartisan Parliamentary Caucus on TPPA

Yang Berhormat Senator Tuan Syed Shahir bin Syed Mohamud, Parti Keadilan Rakyat, Member of the Malaysian Bipartisan Parliamentary Caucus on TPPA.

New Zealand

Hon Margaret Wilson, former Speaker of the House of Representatives and Attorney General, New Zealand Labour Party

Andrew Little, Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party

Hon Winston Peters, Leader of New Zealand First, former Minister of Foreign Affairs

Hon Te Ururoa Flavell, Co-Leader of the Maori Party

Marama Fox MP, Co-Leader of the Maori Party

Russel Norman, Co-Leader of the Green Party of Aotearoa

Metiria Turei, Co-Leader of the Green Party of Aotearoa